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Gemstones

Chalcedony

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bluechalcedony1One of the earliest raw materials exploited by man, chalcedony (kal sed’n-e) was used by hunter-gatherers for thousands of years to create containers, arrows, spears, knives and other tools. As civilisation developed, it became prized as a gemstone, and was used as a precious material for the creation of ornaments and small sculptures. A translucent form of quartz, there are many varieties of this stone. Based on the colour imbued by various impurities, they are known by their own names, and include jasper, onyx and agate. In general, the name chalcedony is reserved for the white, grey, blue and brown varieties. Chalcedony has been known in the Mediterranean

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Colored gemstones

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Colored stones are far too vast field to cover properly in an article of this purpose and caliber. Their gemological aspects are properly covered in many web sites. What I will try to cover are aspects which are rarely mentioned but very important to know in order to make the right choice at the right price.
First we will try to tackle the classification issue which is a bit outdated and confusing. Colored stones are divided in too major groups: precious and semi precious.

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Moh's scale of hardness for gemstones

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The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material. It was created in 1812 by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs and is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science. The method, however, is of great antiquity, having first been mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia circa A.D. 77

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